![危险化学品安全管理基础知识](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/291/29975291/b_29975291.jpg)
1.3 危险化学品的标志
危险化学品的种类、数量较多,危险性也各异,为了便于对危险化学品的运输、储存及使用安全,有必要对危险化学品进行标识。危险化学品的安全标志是通过图案、文字说明、颜色等信息鲜明、形象、简单地表征危险化学品危险特性和类别,向作业人员传递安全信息的警示性资料。
《化学品分类和危险性公示通则》(GB 13690—2009)中规定了下列危险符号是GHS中应当使用的标准符号,见图1-2。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic066.jpg?sign=1738913552-pEEA1SgjCdyliSwfEEuT4XTwJmbkd7tT-0-b7dbdff9cf99c8d89756e99b955ed2db)
图1-2 GHS中应当使用的标准符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic114.jpg?sign=1738913552-mpuG7jhFQA1KTXtlbFscOBkAfhiNS7Zc-0-84ca5cfad9ce83a864a352ba91d1fb77)
图1-3 GHS象形图示例
GHS使用的所有危险象形图都应是设定在某一点的方块形状,应当使用黑色符号加白色背景,红框要足够宽,以便醒目,如图1-3。
根据GHS及GB 20576—2006~GB 20599—2006、GB 2060—12006~GB 20602—2006,各类危险化学品象形图的标志如表1-35~表1-61所示。
表1-35 爆炸品
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic227.jpg?sign=1738913552-7LEpi6NofwFNzCWtXwqmHQEWo0kAU8k3-0-ca93d8706149e202e194674736a4981a)
表1-36 易燃气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic228.jpg?sign=1738913552-w4RfWLin50Q1JsW4pbef71ledGCK0U0n-0-6f0330e7e0a96488170fa63f9320c26f)
表1-37 易燃气溶胶
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic229.jpg?sign=1738913552-dguAUlMedFFf8xHQ7NAJMtixI3nmPsen-0-ddf9bcbe0cff33295f8a8745bbaf2b08)
表1-38 氧化性气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic067.jpg?sign=1738913552-JKuE5KymWvTYEvAnSZMoZ9lrFZcIK6ef-0-cfa9532a7302c26c47771b40517800aa)
表1-39 压力下气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic230.jpg?sign=1738913552-YA8vNx0UAx9EO5EAPUSEJDGecS9JCFIt-0-14feed767504158fe1d8d5710b689926)
表1-40 易燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic231.jpg?sign=1738913552-IBoOFT2EZUmPv0xqMzMTYYDESVpL4htR-0-47c182cd0d589718d4a5b17f9155980a)
表1-41 易燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic232.jpg?sign=1738913552-lxVMXbMdhhZQ4Ydyqfw6I8wpGp1jSd0T-0-dfb2311338e4965469f45dd38f9b1b51)
表1-42 自反应物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic233.jpg?sign=1738913552-d5fPmqv0al8Hkp5zeHaDkxisdIhNh25U-0-a9d9fe6fcd824b660e2a44c1c085c24f)
表1-43 自热物质和混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic234.jpg?sign=1738913552-5hILffIPydr0L6v4u1P2OZetOfMXPNh5-0-abd119b6701dbad978bf51f870a7971c)
表1-44 自燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic069.jpg?sign=1738913552-8wMtxHac0eJt5dUJW7CZdiB8mPkD0CvF-0-49b01677165353628822958dd5c622b4)
表1-45 自燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic068.jpg?sign=1738913552-4bdCY95JyUfAjzrvjibSxe2vUbtQOfQm-0-77afd6bc388f4cbd213b202ffb8e561f)
表1-46 遇水放出易燃气体的物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic235.jpg?sign=1738913552-c3qdyaXjoaTnCA5SWVQmMDaUuQgKJXdl-0-90ed3dde0564f0bf8043324ceec66752)
表1-47 氧化性液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic236.jpg?sign=1738913552-LwK3ReGxTfJDUGxlckVHHngKLkhPX7c4-0-d753d7c6bdd5a09ff0a18b15c7d56861)
表1-48 氧化性固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic237.jpg?sign=1738913552-lQ5MJ3WbqIAL0G68DY3VHnFFuRlusZzm-0-f1221898e0bfc4fb80e3a7541417a1f8)
表1-49 有机过氧化物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic238.jpg?sign=1738913552-fuwGs9Mxu0jTF9uxP9i5VxeisxALWLJw-0-35d60869860ac460e7c4c9f6ea19f1dd)
表1-50 金属腐蚀剂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic070.jpg?sign=1738913552-sfA92a7b9itxz3aZ1fNQExuwGjlvoL6x-0-aa62efd35019767d658cb7a2847c5650)
表1-51 急性毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic071.jpg?sign=1738913552-wCOYL9LhptkBOuknO3MWIy1xOqIodrvu-0-d64e3c80da25bb178a96f9abd1bc7dea)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic072.jpg?sign=1738913552-DrHqbeC2oiDeGPhMHIrD5F75RWC0hU6Y-0-c4cc6ee6f421ee3b06cf25de768350da)
表1-52 皮肤腐蚀/刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic239.jpg?sign=1738913552-0fvxNDItq9mvbggXq7SlvlPJzi5jWuRC-0-bec5f5cf477e9df694b7bb989ea4476a)
表1-53 严重眼损伤/眼刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic240.jpg?sign=1738913552-bbjtGJu9hARUB61KuxejcTU2cFXLa4p6-0-ed4e5c412b1792f9bbff3d4347d025e5)
表1-54 呼吸或皮肤过敏
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic241.jpg?sign=1738913552-vNjPA3d201pnriBMlHkyQLQUvFo1lLCA-0-28c0d92f881063662f22b9bec45b6159)
表1-55 生殖细胞致突变性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic242.jpg?sign=1738913552-oH3hY59DNoDOpW8yw1uLyng1uoAEb7MM-0-9394e9870af69e258c14a89de8e85031)
表1-56 致癌性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic243.jpg?sign=1738913552-484NO0KTUA8iIZEvBhr8rfmCviWGWl5C-0-34cd93fbed20f4846484f4852f4dabf0)
表1-57 生殖毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic244.jpg?sign=1738913552-QoPXNFH6V1eKyEvyGb4n3jlX5OgE7Cyw-0-d7ac035c6b66b6d6151e264e65fee8d8)
表1-58 特异性靶器官系统毒性一次接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic246.jpg?sign=1738913552-M5sZeiYNOjxoEhY2o95JqCh6wsb9BUEr-0-5198cd9a497a846f8ec381e8b2c4f7b8)
表1-59 特异性靶器官系统毒性反复接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic247.jpg?sign=1738913552-8GNpCYYQHKU5aDyC8byMgI7ZTZqnbxaQ-0-3bd291edd89990a5a1f0dc2638fed241)
由于吸入危险性在我国还未转化成为国际标准,因此缺少此种类危险性的标签要素。
表1-60 对水环境的危害(急性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic248.jpg?sign=1738913552-IuQkUEO6ulvrr5cbDyxPjxc4M1yzDdqO-0-686c36f218f06a0927d3fe2d16ef2f61)
表1-61 对水环境的危害(慢性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic249.jpg?sign=1738913552-9lVSpyZDwgyberjsEMIGuB1TnjblD1EW-0-3dd8c91a2241babc1e627389ce733c32)